Diet is the most important component of gastritis therapy.Based on some characteristics of the disease, such as the acidity of the stomach, as well as the presence of erosive, atrophic and other forms, the diet may vary depending on what can and cannot be eaten.
If a person has an unbalanced diet, regularly drinks alcohol, smokes and is exposed to frequent severe stress, pathologies such as gastritis will inevitably develop.This is a disease that leads to inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which violates its integrity.As a result, various unpleasant symptoms appear, the main of which is acute pain in the upper abdomen.In addition, bloating, belching, nausea and vomiting occur, the appetite decreases or disappears completely, which often leads to weight loss.Gastritis of the stomach has different forms, including those that can be caused by an infectious environment, but in all cases, a healthy diet is necessary for successful treatment.You need to change not only your diet, decide what you can eat and what you can't, but also the basic principles of nutrition itself, and you need to compile a stable menu for the whole week, dividing the total amount of food into 5-6 meals.During an exacerbation, the diet should be tightened;in addition, there are some nuances if gastritis is characterized by high or low acidity.
What is allowed and what is not allowed in case of gastritis?
The main differences in the diet are determined by the level of acidity.Which indicator is determined in a given patient during the diagnosis before therapy.
Increased acidity
In the case of increased acidity, which occurs most often, you should follow three principles:
- Mechanical.Defines the prohibition of fried foods;in addition, coarse fiber such as bran bread, rutabaga, turnips and strips of meat are not allowed.
- Chemical.He describes avoiding foods that help produce hydrochloric acid for the digestive process, such as soda, alcohol, and citrus fruits.In addition, concentrated, rich broths based on meat and fish are prohibited.
- Thermal.It consists of eating food at an optimal temperature, which is usually between 16 and 55 degrees Celsius.If the food is hotter or colder, in the case of gastritis, this causes irritation of the esophagus, which leads to an increase in the duration of food absorption and, accordingly, to increased stress on the stomach.
If the stomach is characterized by an acidic environment, then low-fat types of fish and meat, fermented milk products, eggs, as an omelette or soft-boiled, are suitable for nutrition.In addition, the diet can include peeled tomatoes, boiled zucchini, potatoes, etc.
Low acidity
A diet for gastritis with reduced acidity includes foods that promote a greater release of digestive enzymes.For this, it is also important to normalize the eating process.This should be done slowly;it is important to take at least half a minute to chew a portion of food, and the eating process should last at least half an hour.Significantly improves hydrochloric acid secretion by consuming slightly carbonated mineral water;Drink 200 ml of water every time before a meal.A variety of fruits and vegetables are allowed, which must be eaten immediately after a meal, as snacking is not allowed in the diet.Fruits and vegetables should be chosen light, based on the principle of the absence of hard fibers.To further facilitate the digestive process, it is better to peel the fruits in advance and eat only the pulp.
Low acidity has advantages over high acidity.Small amounts of chocolate products, light soups and broths, as well as river fish, mushrooms and lean meats, including rabbit and veal, are acceptable.Dairy products are allowed, but milk itself is best avoided.
What is not allowed?
If you have gastritis with any acidity, do not eat:
- Baking;
- Chocolate products;
- fried, spicy foods;
- alcoholic beverages;
- Foods rich in vegetable or animal fats;
- Vinegar.
How to eat during an exacerbation - weekly menu
In case of exacerbation, a compromise must be found, and the body receives all necessary nutrients and microelements, but the diet is neutral and does not irritate the mucous membrane that is so inflamed.In this situation, you need to help digestion as much as possible so that it happens very quickly.To do this, try to chop all the food as much as possible and use only boiling or steaming for cooking.
It is important that the compiled menu is not only balanced and gentle, but also strictly followed, eating at a strictly defined time every day.The interval between doses should not exceed three hours, otherwise the stomach will empty and the exacerbation will only increase.It cannot be forwarded as it is full of stomach stasis.In the evening, you should eat no later than three to four hours before going to bed.
Strangely, during the exacerbation period, it is recommended to spend the first day on an empty stomach.However, the stomach still needs to be filled.To do this, you need to drink a lot of still water and weakly brewed tea.Any liquid you drink should be warm.From the second day, liquid porridge and mashed potatoes with water are allowed.In addition, boiled eggs and non-condensed soup with grated vegetables will be useful.When gastritis worsens, foods rich in fat should be completely excluded from the diet, as their breakdown is very slow.
Menu for the week
Mon and Wed:
- Breakfast of oatmeal and compote;
- The second time you can have steamed cheesecake for breakfast;
- Lunch consists of mashed potatoes, vegetable soup with breadcrumbs, boiled fish, compote;
- Afternoon snack – biscuits with light tea;
- Dinner - a side dish of pasta with steamed lean meat slices, light tea.
Tue, Thu, Sat:
- Breakfast consists of baked apples, cheesecake and compote;
- The second time you should have a glass of jelly for breakfast;
- Have lunch with vegetable soup, steamed fish, mineral water from gases;
- An afternoon snack is allowed with unsweetened light tea and white bread biscuits;
- For dinner, cottage cheese casserole and stew.
Sun, Sun:
- Have breakfast with eggs boiled for 5-6 minutes and washed down with compote;
- During the second breakfast, eat cheesecake with tea;
- Lunch vegetable stew, grated potato soup, jelly;
- Afternoon snack - a glass of kefir crackers;
- Dinner should be boiled fish porridge on the water.
No. 1 diet for gastritis
Diet number 1 is considered quite strict.However, its use is a necessary measure, since it is very important to restore normal digestion and avoid irritation of the gastric mucosa in the case of gastritis or ulcers.This diet is prescribed after the aggravation phase of the disease is over.Among the cooking methods, only boiling, steaming and baking can be used.It is extremely important to reduce the amount of salt consumed, as its presence negatively affects the condition of the inner surface of the stomach;in addition, salt slows down the removal of water from the body.
Diet number 1 involves dividing the entire daily diet into 5-6 small portions.The total amount of calories consumed should not exceed 2000.
The main dishes of diet number 1 include:
- Vegetable soup.The vegetable base can be replaced with vermicelli or rice;
- Lean meat and fish without veins and other hard-to-digest elements;
- Bread products should be consumed yesterday, dried and in the form of biscuits.
You can consume fermented milk products in moderation, such as cottage cheese, yogurt, skimmed milk.
Cannot be consumed with diet number 1:
- Rye bread;
- Soups based on mushrooms and meat - you need to give up okroshka, borscht, cabbage soup;
- Smoked products;
- Pickles;
- Fish and other canned goods.
Diet for erosive form
Gastritis is called erosive when the disease causes stomach erosion, which is called an ulcer.An ulcer is a more serious disease that can have very serious consequences, including, for example, peritonitis, when the erosion of the wall gradually leads to a hole through which the contents of the stomach enter the abdominal cavity.This situation is fraught with death without urgent surgical treatment.
The causes of erosion, as well as the effect of Helicobacter Pylori infection, are exposure to substances or excessively acidic gastric juice.In the case of erosive gastritis, it is therefore very important to eat properly in order to slow down and reverse the ulcer formation process.
The following are the principles on which the diet should be based if the patient suffers from erosive gastritis:
- The food consumed minimally irritates the stomach wall and prevents the increase of acidity;
- You should constantly eat liquid, warm, pureed food.At the same time, the amount of fat and salt in the diet should be minimized;
- Refusal of bad habits, spices, soda;
- Vegetables should be cooked with heat treatment;
- In meals, the emphasis should be on soups and cereals.
Diet and menu if the patient has atrophic gastritis
The atrophic form is relatively difficult to diagnose, since there are no symptoms in the early stages of the pathology.Some of the signs of the disease include belching after eating fried and fatty foods, which has a very unpleasant smell.In addition, general weakness, brittle legs and hair, as well as skin problems are inevitable companions of atrophic gastritis.
Atrophic gastritis imposes serious restrictions on what is possible and what is not.The following should be avoided in the diet:
- Black baked goods, baked goods;
- Smoked foods;
- Mushroom in any form;
- Peas, beans;
- Conserve;
- Raw fruits and vegetables;
- soda, including mineral water;
- Milk.
As with other gastritis diets, cooking methods such as baking and smoking are completely prohibited during the atrophic stage.You can boil, steam or fry the food to make it ready to eat
In case of atrophic gastritis, it is important to eat:
- Grated vegetable-based soups;
- A variety of porridge on water;
- Boiled lean meat, very finely chopped;
- Skimmed milk products;
- Boiled eggs;
- Unleavened white bread, biscuits;
- Heat-treated fruits and vegetables;
- Butter;
- For dessert, you can treat yourself to jam, jelly and mousse.